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The words Join, Enter, Attend and Go can be used in similar ways, but there are some strong differences. For today’s English lesson, let’s have a look at how these words are used in everyday conversation.
Here are the example sentences. To get the details of this English lesson, you need to listen to the podcast or the check the transcript for the details:
Ichiro joined the Yankees in 2012.
I joined the gym with my sister.
It’s quite expensive to join that golf club.
I entered Colombia University in 2011.
Jack is entering medical school in the spring, so he’s very busy preparing for that.
Sue met Frank just after she entered college.
(NG) I entered my company in 2010.
(NG) I joined my company in 2010.
(OK) I started working for my company in 2010.
I attended Jack’s wedding. How lovely!
Are you attending the meeting tomorrow?
The boss asked me to attend the workshop on Tuesday.
I went to Jack’s wedding. How lovely!
Are you going to the meeting tomorrow?
The boss asked me to go to the workshop on Tuesday.
Jenny and I are having lunch. Would you like to join us?
We’re having a party for Tom’s birthday next Saturday. Can you join us?
I’m going to get a cup of coffee. Can you join me?
If you know anyone who might be interested in this English language point, why not help them out! Just share this lesson with them. Thanks for studying today!
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Phân Biệt Join, Join In, Attend, Participate, Take Part 2022
1. Join /dʒɔɪn/: gia nhập.
+ Ý nghĩa: Trở thành thành viên của một tổ chức, câu lạc bộ, công ty. Trong tiếng Việt ta sẽ dùng động từ để thể hiện bản chất của join.
+ Sự khác biệt: Với nghĩa gia nhập, join khác biệt hoàn toàn với:
join in (tham gia vào sự việc đang diễn ra, tiến hành);
attend (tham dự – với tính trang trọng -);
participate và take part (tham dự với tính ít trang trọng hơn).
My football club is looking for an established and enthusiastic individual for new season. I think you should join because of your talent. (Câu lạc bộ bóng đá của tôi đang tìm kiếm một cá nhân nhiệt huyết và tài năng cho mùa giải mới. Tôi nghĩ với tài năng của mình, bạn nên gia nhập).
2. Join in: tham gia vào.
+ Ý nghĩa: Giả sử có một hoạt động, sự việc gì đó đang diễn ra và bạn muốn tham gia hoặc được khuyến khích tham gia vào. Trong ngữ cảnh này, ta dùng join in.
+ Sự khác biệt: Join in khác biệt rõ rệt với join. Nếu như join là gia nhập vào một tổ chức để trở thành một thành viên thì join in là tham gia vào một hoạt động đang xảy ra.
Last morning, when a parade was occurring on the Main street, I called for him to join in it. (Sáng qua khi một buổi diễu hành diễn ra trên đường Main, tôi đã rủ anh ấy tham gia vào).
Đối với sự khác biệt của join in với attend, participate, take part, chúng ta xem nội dung bên dưới.
3. Attend /əˈtend/: tham dự.
+ Ý nghĩa: động từ attend mang tính trang trọng khi đề cập đến việc tham gia một sự kiện chính thức. Chẳng hạn như cuộc họp, hội nghị,…. Trong tiếng Việt, động từ tham dự là phù hợp để diễn giải nghĩa của attend.
Attend nhấn mạnh đến 2 yếu tố sau. (1) Việc xuất hiện tại sự kiện và (2) sự kiện tham gia là chính thức, trang trọng, thường được mời để tham dự. Ở yếu tố (1), việc xuất hiện là rất quan trọng, bởi lẽ với ý nghĩa này, attend nhấn mạnh đến việc “đi đến sự kiện đó”. Ở yếu tố (2), sự kiện này cần chính thức và thông thường thông qua lời mời để attendee (người tham dự) có thể attend (tham dự).
Với ý nghĩa trên, attend khác biệt với join (gia nhập) và join in (tham gia vào hoạt động đang diễn ra).
Hiện nay với sự phát triển của khoa học kỹ thuật, các cuộc họp / hội nghị có thể tiến hành trực tuyến. Do đó yếu tố (1) ở trên có thể linh hoạt mở rộng phạm vi thay vì phải “xuất hiện” đơn thuần theo nghĩa đen.
John and Mary will have a wedding next week. They invited me to attend it but I am going to have an important project and I haven’t known when I can finish yet, unfortunately. (John và Mary sẽ tổ chức lễ cưới vài tuần tới. Họ đã mời tôi tham dự nhưng thật không may, tôi sẽ có một cuộc dự án quan trọng và chưa biết khi nào có thể hoàn thành).
4. Participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ (in something).
+ Ý nghĩa: động từ này cũng mang nghĩa tham gia vào một hoạt động (để đảm nhận một vai trò nào đó).
+ Sự khác biệt: Có 2 điểm cần lưu ý giữa động từ này và các từ còn lại trong bài viết.
Với nghĩa tham gia, động từ này khác biệt với join (gia nhập).
Với mục đích đảm nhận một vai trò nào đó trong hoạt động mình tham gia, động từ này mang tính chuyên biệt hơn join in. Tuy nhiên, so sánh với attend thì participate in không giống về ngữ cảnh sử dụng. Attend là tham dự một sự kiện (có thể có hoặc không nhằm đảm nhận một vai trò gì) thường từ một lời mời. Participate in là tham gia một hoạt động, sự kiện nhằm đảm nhận một vai trò và sự tham gia này thường mang tính chủ động, thường không cần lời mời cho người tham gia (participant).
In order to be eligible for the scholarship, Jack said that he had decided to participate in this competition. (Để đủ điều kiện cho học bổng, Jack nói với tôi anh ấy đã quyết định tham gia cuộc thi này). In the last sales campaign, Fredick participated in it as a project manager. (Trong chiến dịch bán hàng vừa rồi, Fredick đã tham gia vào chiến dịch như một người quản lý dự án).
5. Take part /teɪk pɑːt/ (in something).
+ Ý nghĩa và sự khác biệt: tương tự như participate (in something). Hai động từ này là từ đồng nghĩa của nhau.
In order to be eligible for the scholarship, Jack said that he had decided to take part in this competition. (Để đủ điều kiện cho học bổng, Jack nói với tôi anh ấy đã quyết định tham gia cuộc thi này). In the last sales campaign, Fredick took part in it as a project manager. (Trong chiến dịch bán hàng vừa rồi, Fredick đã tham gia vào chiến dịch như một người quản lý dự án).
Var Vs Let Vs Const In Javascript
Variable Declaration vs Initialization
A variable declaration introduces a new identifier.
Above we create a new identifier called declaration. In JavaScript, variables are initialized with the value of undefined when they are created. What that means is if we try to log the declaration variable, we’ll get undefined.
So if we log the declaration variable, we get undefined.
In contrast to variable declaration, variable initialization is when you first assign a value to a variable.
So here we’re initializing the declaration variable by assigning it to a string.
Scope
Scope defines where variables and functions are accessible inside of your program. In JavaScript, there are two kinds of scope – global scope, and function scope. According to the official spec,
“If the variable statement occurs inside a FunctionDeclaration, the variables are defined with function-local scope in that function.”.
What that means is if you create a variable with var, that variable is “scoped” to the function it was created in and is only accessible inside of that function or, any nested functions.
Above we try to access a variable outside of the function it was declared. Because date is “scoped” to the getData function, it’s only accessible inside of getDate itself or any nested functions inside of getDate (as seen below).
And the implementation might look something like this
Seems simple enough but what does this have to do with block scope? Take a look at that for loop. Are the variables declared inside of it accessible outside of it? Turns out, they are.
Now that we’ve discussed variable declarations, initializations, and scope, the last thing we need to flush out before we dive into let and const is hoisting.
Hoisting
Remember earlier we said that “In JavaScript, variables are initialized with the value of undefined when they are created.”. Turns out, that’s all that “Hoisting” is. The JavaScript interpreter will assign variable declarations a default value of undefined during what’s called the “Creation” phase.
For a much more in depth guide on the Creation Phase, Hoisting, and Scopes see “The Ultimate Guide to Hoisting, Scopes, and Closures in JavaScript”
Let’s take a look at the previous example and see how hoisting affects it.
Notice all the variable declarations were assigned a default value of undefined. That’s why if you try access one of those variables before it was actually declared, you’ll just get undefined.
Now that you know everything there is to know about var, let’s finally talk about the whole point of why you’re here, what’s the difference between var, let, and const?
var VS let VS const
First, let’s compare var and let. The main difference between var and let is that instead of being function scoped, let is block scoped. What that means is that a variable created with the let keyword is available inside the “block” that it was created in as well as any nested blocks. When I say “block”, I mean anything surrounded by a curly brace {} like in a for loop or an if statement.
So let’s look back to our discountPrices function one last time.
Remember that we were able to log i, discountedPrice, and finalPrice outside of the for loop since they were declared with var and var is function scoped. But now, what happens if we change those var declarations to use let and try to run it?
var VS let var: function scoped let: block scopedThe next difference has to do with Hoisting. Earlier we said that the definition of hoisting was “The JavaScript interpreter will assign variable declarations a default value of undefined during what’s called the ‘Creation’ phase.” We even saw this in action by logging a variable before it was declared (you get undefined)
var VS let var: function scoped undefined when accessing a variable before it's declared let: block scoped ReferenceError when accessing a variable before it's declaredlet VS const
Now that you understand the difference between var and let, what about const? Turns out, const is almost exactly the same as let. However, the only difference is that once you’ve assigned a value to a variable using const, you can’t reassign it to a new value.
The take away above is that variables declared with let can be re-assigned, but variables declared with const can’t be.
Cool, so anytime you want a variable to be immutable, you can declare it with const. Well, not quite. Just because a variable is declared with const doesn’t mean it’s immutable, all it means is the value can’t be re-assigned. Here’s a good example.
Notice that changing a property on an object isn’t reassigning it, so even though an object is declared with const, that doesn’t mean you can’t mutate any of its properties. It only means you can’t reassign it to a new value.
Now the most important question we haven’t answered yet, should you use var, let, or const? The most popular opinion, and the opinion that I subscribe to, is that you should always use const unless you know the variable is going to change. The reason for this is by using const, you’re signalling to your future self as well as any other future developers that have to read your code that this variable shouldn’t change. If it will need to change (like in a for loop), you should use let.
So between variables that change and variables that don’t change, there’s not much left. That means you shouldn’t ever have to use var again.
Now the unpopular opinion, though it still has some validity to it, is that you should never use const because even though you’re trying to signal that the variable is immutable, as we saw above, that’s not entirely the case. Developers who subscribe to this opinion always use let unless they have variables that are actually constants like _LOCATION_ = ....
So to recap, var is function scoped and if you try to use a variable declared with var before the actual declaration, you’ll just get undefined. const and let are blocked scoped and if you try to use variable declared with let or const before the declaration you’ll get a ReferenceError. Finally the difference between let and const is that once you’ve assigned a value to const, you can’t reassign it, but with let, you can.
var VS let VS const var: function scoped undefined when accessing a variable before it's declared let: block scoped ReferenceError when accessing a variable before it's declared const: block scoped ReferenceError when accessing a variable before it's declared can't be reassigned“In The Suburbs” Vs. “On The Outskirts”
Ask the Editor
Question
“In the suburbs” vs. “on the outskirts”
Answer
Question
A reader asked about the difference between the expressions “in the suburbs” and “on the outskirts.”
Answer
suburb vs. outskirts
The main difference between these two expressions is the difference between the nouns suburb and outskirts. As you can see in the Learner’s Dictionary entries shown below, a suburb is a town near a larger city, where people typically live in houses with yards rather than apartment buildings. Suburbs are also associated with a lifestyle oriented around families with children.
The word outskirts, which is always plural, refers to the edges of a community. There are outskirts around a city, and these might be suburbs or they might not. There are also outskirts around the edges of a small town.
on vs. in
You may wonder why “in the suburbs” uses the preposition in and “on the outskirts” uses the preposition on. The most helpful way to think about this is that a suburb is an area with a border around it, so you can be in it (inside the border). The outskirts are more like a line around an area, and it makes more sense to say on a line, than in it.
I hope this helps.
Learner’s Dictionary entries
suburb: a town or other area where people live in houses near a larger city ▪ She left the city and moved to the suburbs. [=one of the suburbs near that city] often + of ▪ I grew up in a suburb of Denver.
outskirts [plural]: the parts of a city or town that are far from the center ▪ We live on the outskirts of town.
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